The olfactory nerve: A shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system
Autor(es): van Riel Debby, Verdijk Rob, Kuiken Thijs
Resumo: The olfactory nerve consists mainly of olfactory receptor neurons - directly connects the nasal cavity with the central nervous system (CNS). Each olfactory receptor neuron projects a dendrite into the nasal cavity on the apical side, - on the basal side extends its axon through the cribriform plate into the olfactory bulb of the brain. Viruses that can use the olfactory nerve as a shortcut into the CNS include influenza A virus, herpesviruses, poliovirus, paramyxoviruses, vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, parainfluenza virus, adenoviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, chikungunya virus, La Crosse virus, mouse hepatitis virus, - bunyaviruses. However, mechanisms of transport via the olfactory nerve - subsequent spread through the CNS are poorly understood. Proposed mechanisms are either infection of olfactory receptor neurons themselves or diffusion through channels formed by olfactory ensheathing cells. Subsequent virus spread through the CNS could occur by multiple mechanisms, including trans-synaptic transport - microfusion. Viral infection of the CNS can lead to damage from infection of nerve cells per se, from the immune response, or from a combination of both. Clinical consequences range from nervous dysfunction in the absence of histopathological changes to severe meningoencephalitis - neurodegenerative disease.
Palavras-Chave: CNS; H5N1; Cell-to-cell transmission; Influenza; Olfactory nerve; Olfactory receptor neuron; Virus
Imprenta: The Journal of Pathology, v. 235, n. 2, p. 277-287, 2015
Identificador do objeto digital: 10.1002/path.4461
Descritores: Chikungunya virus - Biochemistry ; Chikungunya virus - Cell ; Chikungunya virus - Cytopathology ; Chikungunya virus - Immune response ; Chikungunya virus - Pathogenesis ; Chikungunya virus - Immune response ; Chikungunya virus - Viral infections ; Chikungunya virus - Molecular methods ; Chikungunya Virus - Virus ; Chikungunya virus - Molecular screening ; Chikungunya virus - Transmission ; Chikungunya virus - Public health
Data de publicação: 2015
