Global emergence of Alphaviruses that cause arthritis in humans
Autor(es): Lwande Olivia Wesula, Obanda Vincent, Bucht Göran, Mosomtai Gladys, Otieno Viola, Ahlm Clas, Evander Magnus
Resumo: Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may cause severe emerging - re-emerging infectious diseases, which pose a significant threat to human - animal health in the world today. These infectious diseases range from mild febrile illnesses, arthritis, - encephalitis to haemorrhagic fevers. It is postulated that certain environmental factors, vector competence, - host susceptibility have a major impact on the ecology of arboviral diseases. Presently, there is a great interest in the emergence of Alphaviruses because these viruses, including Chikungunya virus, O'nyong'nyong virus, Sindbis virus, Ross River virus, - Mayaro virus, have caused outbreaks in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, - America. Some of these viruses are more common in the tropics, whereas others are also found in temperate regions, but the actual factors driving Alphavirus emergence - re-emergence remain unresolved. Furthermore, little is known about the transmission dynamics, pathophysiology, genetic diversity, - evolution of circulating viral strains. In addition, the clinical presentation of Alphaviruses may be similar to other diseases such as dengue, malaria, - typhoid, hence leading to misdiagnosis. However, the typical presence of arthritis may distinguish between Alphaviruses - other differential diagnoses. The absence of validated diagnostic kits for Alphaviruses makes even routine surveillance less feasible. For that purpose, this review describes the occurrence, genetic diversity, clinical characteristics, - the mechanisms involving Alphaviruses causing arthritis in humans. This information may serve as a basis for better awareness - detection of Alphavirus-caused diseases during outbreaks - in establishing appropriate prevention - control measures.
Palavras-Chave: Mayaro; O'nyong'nyong; Ross River; Sindbis; Arthritis; Chikungunya
Imprenta: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, v. 5, p. 29853, 2015
Identificador do objeto digital: 10.3402/iee.v5.29853
Descritores: Chikungunya virus - Arbovirus ; Chikungunya virus - Infectious diseases ; Chikungunya virus - Viral infections ; Chikungunya Virus - Virus ; Chikungunya virus - Transmission ; Chikungunya virus - Dengue
Data de publicação: 2015
