Emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases of the central nervous system
Autor(es): Griffin Diane E
Resumo: Neurologic disease is a major cause of disability in resource-poor countries - a substantial portion of this disease is due to infections of the CNS. A wide variety of emerging - re-emerging viruses contribute to this disease burden. New emerging infections are commonly due to RNA viruses that have exp-ed their geographic range, spread from animal reservoirs or acquired new neurovirulence properties. Mosquito-borne viruses with exp-ing ranges include West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus - Chikungunya virus. Zoonotic viruses that have recently crossed into humans to cause neurologic disease include the bat henipaviruses Nipah - Hendra, as well as the primate-derived human immunodeficiency virus. Viruses adapt to new hosts, or to cause more severe disease, by changing their genomes through reassortment (e.g. influenza virus), mutation (essentially all RNA viruses) - recombination (e.g. vaccine strains of poliovirus). Viruses that appear to have recently become more neurovirulent include West Nile virus, enterovirus 71 - possibly Chikungunya virus. In addition to these newer challenges, rabies, polio - measles all remain important causes of neurologic disease despite good vaccines - global efforts toward control. Control of human rabies depends on elimination of rabies in domestic dogs through regular vaccination. Poliovirus eradication is challenged by the ability of the live attenuated vaccine strains to revert to virulence during the prolonged period of gastrointestinal replication. Measles elimination depends on delivery of two doses of live virus vaccine to a high enough proportion of the population to maintain herd immunity for this highly infectious virus.
Palavras-Chave: Viral encephalitis; Measles; Polio; Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; Chikungunya; West Nile virus; Rabies; Japanese encephalitis
Imprenta: Progress in Neurobiology, v. 91, n. 2, p. 95-101, 2010
Identificador do objeto digital: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.12.003
Descritores: Chikungunya virus - Neurovirulence ; Chikungunya virus - Pathogenesis ; Chikungunya virus - RNA ; Chikungunya virus - Infectious diseases ; Chikungunya virus - Viral infections ; Chikungunya Virus - Virus ; Chikungunya virus - Vaccine ; Chikungunya virus - Epidemiology ; Chikungunya virus - Immunology ; Chikungunya virus - Public health
Data de publicação: 2010
